2019 Marriage Law Triggered “Baby Bust'” An Islamic Legal Perspective On The Decline In Marriage Rates
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Keywords:
Marriage Law 2019, Baby Bust, Islamic Law, Marriage Decline, Fiqh.
Abstract
The Marriage Law No. 1 of 2019 in Indonesia has sparked debates on its potential to trigger a "baby bust" phenomenon, characterized by declining marriage rates and fertility. This study examines the Islamic law perspective on how the law's provisions such as raising the minimum marriage age to 19 years contribute to reduced marriages. Employing a qualitative juridical-empirical method, data were gathered through literature review of fiqh texts (mazhab Syafi'i, Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali) and empirical analysis of marriage statistics from BPS (2015-2023). Results reveal a 15% drop in marriage rates post-2019, aligned with Islamic principles emphasizing maslahah (public interest) yet conflicting with urfi marriage customs in rural areas. Discussion posits that while the law upholds child protection (hifz al-nasl), it inadvertently discourages early marriages, prompting fatwa adaptations from MUI. Recommendations include harmonizing statutory law with Islamic jurisprudence to mitigate demographic declines.
References
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Firdausiyah, Vita, “Revisiting Marriage Laws and Islamic Jurisprudence on Raising the Minimum Age in Indonesia,” Asy-Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 11 (2025), 68–75
Firmansyah, Gumelar, Mina Rabiatul Asiyah, Putri Nadila, Putry Delsa Hasanah, Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, and others, “Implementasi Hukum Adat Dalam Prosesi Perkawinan Adat Minangkabau,” Law In Review?: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 1 (2023), 2–15
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Nur, Sri Nur Bayani, “Fenomena Fertilitas Di Indonesia: Dulu, Kini, Dan Nanti The Phenomenon Of Fertility In Indonesia: Past, Present, And Future,” Sosio Informa, 8 (2022), 257–79
Nurfieni, Amrin, “The Impact Law Number 16 of 2019 about Marriage Age Dispensation on The Child Marriage Gap,” Indonesian Journal Of Law And Islamic Law (IJLIL), 5 (2023), 121–30
Panggabean, Meiran, “Studi Deskriptif Tidak Tercapainya Bonus Demografi Di Kabupaten Landak,” Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 6 (2017), 43–58
Pujiati, “Metode Penelitian Yuridis Normatif Di Bidang Hukum,” Deepublish, 2024
Putri, Fadiah Dini, Tomi Sah, and Siti Nadya Dindatami, “Demographic Determinants of Population Ageing in Indonesia,” 2024, 141–47
Rahmadhani, Yenrizal, “Journal Of Social And Political Science Volume 01 , Tahun 2024 Palembang Tentang Tradisi Pernikahan Pariaman Communication Construction Of Minangkabau Communities IN Journal Of Social And Political Science Volume 01 , Tahun 2024,” Journal Of Social And Political Science, 01 (2024), 2–10
Rusyda, Fadila, and Darmini Roza, “Implikasi Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Tahun,” Ekasakti Legal Science Journal, 1 (2024), 46–55
Samidu, Farah, Dicky J Paseki, and Christine J J G Goni, “Tinjauan Yuridis Pernikahan Dini Dalam Hukum Perkawinan,” Lex Crimen, Unsrat, 2019
Sholehah, Wildatus, and Lutfian Ubaidillah, “Analisis Yuridis Terkait Alasan Mendesak Dalam Pengajuan Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Pasal 7 Ayat ( 2 ) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan,” Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 2 (2024), 1–6
Sonny Dewi Judiasih, et al, “Kontradiksi Antara Dispensasi Kawin Dengan Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Unpad, 3 (2020), 203–22
Suganda, Rangga, “Metode Pendekatan Yuridis Dalam Memahami Sistem Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah,” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8 (2022), 2859
Sutriani, Abel, Bina Aquari, and Erma Puspita Sari, “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Pernikahan Dini Pada Remaja Di Desa Pelimbangan , Kecamatan Cengal , Kabupaten Ogan,” Jurnal Kesehatan Amanah, 9 (2025), 2–12
Sya, Arwa, and Zainal Arifin, “Amorti?: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner Marriage Decline Rate Phenomenon in Indonesia and Its Relevance to Marriage Encouragement in Islam,” Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner, 3 (2024), 80–87
Tarmizi, “Dampak Nikah Siri Dalam Pembentukan Keluarga Sakinah,” Jurnal Hukum, 13 (2016), 331–32
Thoyib, Abdurrasyid, and KA Bukhori, “Politik Hukum Pengaturan Batas Usia Minimal Perkawinan Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial Dan Sains, 11 (2022), 155–67
Tirta, Kania Dewi, and Sinta Nur Arifin, “Studi Fenomenologi?: Marriage Is Scary Pada Generasi Z,” TERAPUTIK: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8 (2025), 12–20
Tri Eka Putra Muhtarivansyah Waruwu, “Analisis Yuridis Normatif Terhadap Konsep Maslahah Perkawinan Di Usia Muda,” Jurnal Syarah, IAIN Lhokseumawe, 2004, 1–11
Utomo, Ariane, Aris Ananta, and Diahhadi Setyonaluri, “A Second Demographic Transition in Indonesia?,” China Population and Development Studies, 6 (2022), 288–315
Widodo, Adellia Mahardhika, “Implementasi Dispensasi Kawin Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Perkawinan ( Studi Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin Di Pengadilan Agama Klaten ) Pendahuluan Perkawinan Merupakan Jalinan Ikatan Lahir Dan Batin Yang Terbentuk Antara Seorang Pria Dan Seorang Wanita S,” Al-Maqashidi Journal Hukum Islam Nusantara, 08 (2025), 1–16
Yumna, Hanin, “The Impact of Marriage Dispensation Policy Interventions on Underage Marriage Trends Among Banyuwangi Teenagers,” Jurnal Mediasas: Media Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, 8 (2025), 411–18
Anissa Ridha Watikno, “Akibat Hukum Perkawinan Siri Terhadap Kedudukan Anak Ditinjau Dari Hukum Islam Dan Undang-Undang Perkawpnan No 1 Tahun 1974 Di Kabupaten Karanganyar,” 2021, 167–86
Artiyanto, Aten Kuswendi, “Efektifitas Uu No.16 Tahun 2019 Untuk Menekan Angka Perkawinan Dini,” Syariahku: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 1 (2024), 25–33
Aziz, Muhammad, and Athoillah Islamy, “Memahami Pencatatan Perkawinan Di Indonesia Dalam Paradigma Hukum Islam Kontemporer,” Islamitsch Familierecht Journal, 3 (2022), 94–113
Darania Anisa, “Meningkatnya Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin Di Pengadilan Agama Panyabungan Masa Pandemi Covid 19 (Tinjauan Yuridis),” Jurnal El-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Pranata Sosial, 8 (2022), 220–34
Dewi Ulfa Lailatul Fitria, and Fitri Ariani, “Problematika Poligami Di Negara Turki,” Islamic Law: Jurnal Siyasah, 6 (2021), 40–65
Empiris, Yuridis, Penelitian Di, U I N Sjech, and M Djamil Djambek, “Nusantara?: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial,” 12 (2025), 2226–36
Firdausiyah, Vita, “Revisiting Marriage Laws and Islamic Jurisprudence on Raising the Minimum Age in Indonesia,” Asy-Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 11 (2025), 68–75
Firmansyah, Gumelar, Mina Rabiatul Asiyah, Putri Nadila, Putry Delsa Hasanah, Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, and others, “Implementasi Hukum Adat Dalam Prosesi Perkawinan Adat Minangkabau,” Law In Review?: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 1 (2023), 2–15
Gani, Abdullah Firman, “Literature Review?: Indonesia ’ s Declining Birth Rate and Its Implications for Marriage Decisions,” Cendekiawan: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 4 (2025), 575–84
Hasanah, Uswatun, “Problematika Nikah Siri Di Kecamatan Muara Sipongi Dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Negara,” Jurnal Al-Maqasid: Jurnal Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Keperdataan, 8 (2023), 133–48
I Gede Putu Dharma Yusa, Beta Yulianita Gitaharie, “How The Demographic Dividend Affects Economic Convergence?: Insights from Indonesia,” Economics Development Analysis Journal, 13 (2024), 400–418
Kharisudin, Kharisudin, “Siri Marriage in Perspective of a Compilation of Islamic Law and Indonesian Marriage Laws,” Perspektif, 26 (2021), 48–56
Labibah, Nindia, Febria Valentina, Valencia Sherly Moyna, Falah Qurrota A, Imel Sesa Erliyawati, and Astika Nurul Hidayah, “Perkawinan Dini Dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional Dan Internasional?: Dampak Empiris Terhadap Struktur Keluarga Di Indonesia,” Journal Evidence Of Law, 4 (2025), 479–90
Liky Faizal, Abd. Qohar, “Age Limit for Marriage in Indonesia from The Perspective of Maqashid Sharia,” Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 22 (2022), 297–318
Mainnah, Mut, Misbahul Karimah, Yurike Nur Amelia, and Yudi Widagdo Harimurti, “Penyalahgunaan Dispensasi Nikah Serta Penanganannya Melalui Perbaikan Hukum,” Urnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3 (2025), 5752–59
Mohammad Isham Ghoisyafikih Jurianto, et al, “Keputusan Bebas Anak (Childfree) Pada Generasi Z Melalui Analisis Konten Media Sosial,” Lentera: Multidisciplinary Studies, 2 (2024), 341–48
Munshorif, Syamsuddin, “Effectiveness Of Law Number 16 Of 2019 Concerning Marriage In Reducing The Rate Of Early Marriage At The Boyolali Religious Affairs Office,” Profestika Jurnal Studi Islam, 25 (2024), 153–68
Murni, Sri, “The Marriage Age Limit According to Indonesian Law No . 16 , 2019 as Effort to Child Protection,” Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 140 (2020), 222–30
Nur, Sri Nur Bayani, “Fenomena Fertilitas Di Indonesia: Dulu, Kini, Dan Nanti The Phenomenon Of Fertility In Indonesia: Past, Present, And Future,” Sosio Informa, 8 (2022), 257–79
Nurfieni, Amrin, “The Impact Law Number 16 of 2019 about Marriage Age Dispensation on The Child Marriage Gap,” Indonesian Journal Of Law And Islamic Law (IJLIL), 5 (2023), 121–30
Panggabean, Meiran, “Studi Deskriptif Tidak Tercapainya Bonus Demografi Di Kabupaten Landak,” Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 6 (2017), 43–58
Pujiati, “Metode Penelitian Yuridis Normatif Di Bidang Hukum,” Deepublish, 2024
Putri, Fadiah Dini, Tomi Sah, and Siti Nadya Dindatami, “Demographic Determinants of Population Ageing in Indonesia,” 2024, 141–47
Rahmadhani, Yenrizal, “Journal Of Social And Political Science Volume 01 , Tahun 2024 Palembang Tentang Tradisi Pernikahan Pariaman Communication Construction Of Minangkabau Communities IN Journal Of Social And Political Science Volume 01 , Tahun 2024,” Journal Of Social And Political Science, 01 (2024), 2–10
Rusyda, Fadila, and Darmini Roza, “Implikasi Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Tahun,” Ekasakti Legal Science Journal, 1 (2024), 46–55
Samidu, Farah, Dicky J Paseki, and Christine J J G Goni, “Tinjauan Yuridis Pernikahan Dini Dalam Hukum Perkawinan,” Lex Crimen, Unsrat, 2019
Sholehah, Wildatus, and Lutfian Ubaidillah, “Analisis Yuridis Terkait Alasan Mendesak Dalam Pengajuan Dispensasi Kawin Dalam Pasal 7 Ayat ( 2 ) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan,” Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 2 (2024), 1–6
Sonny Dewi Judiasih, et al, “Kontradiksi Antara Dispensasi Kawin Dengan Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Unpad, 3 (2020), 203–22
Suganda, Rangga, “Metode Pendekatan Yuridis Dalam Memahami Sistem Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah,” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8 (2022), 2859
Sutriani, Abel, Bina Aquari, and Erma Puspita Sari, “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Pernikahan Dini Pada Remaja Di Desa Pelimbangan , Kecamatan Cengal , Kabupaten Ogan,” Jurnal Kesehatan Amanah, 9 (2025), 2–12
Sya, Arwa, and Zainal Arifin, “Amorti?: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner Marriage Decline Rate Phenomenon in Indonesia and Its Relevance to Marriage Encouragement in Islam,” Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner, 3 (2024), 80–87
Tarmizi, “Dampak Nikah Siri Dalam Pembentukan Keluarga Sakinah,” Jurnal Hukum, 13 (2016), 331–32
Thoyib, Abdurrasyid, and KA Bukhori, “Politik Hukum Pengaturan Batas Usia Minimal Perkawinan Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial Dan Sains, 11 (2022), 155–67
Tirta, Kania Dewi, and Sinta Nur Arifin, “Studi Fenomenologi?: Marriage Is Scary Pada Generasi Z,” TERAPUTIK: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 8 (2025), 12–20
Tri Eka Putra Muhtarivansyah Waruwu, “Analisis Yuridis Normatif Terhadap Konsep Maslahah Perkawinan Di Usia Muda,” Jurnal Syarah, IAIN Lhokseumawe, 2004, 1–11
Utomo, Ariane, Aris Ananta, and Diahhadi Setyonaluri, “A Second Demographic Transition in Indonesia?,” China Population and Development Studies, 6 (2022), 288–315
Widodo, Adellia Mahardhika, “Implementasi Dispensasi Kawin Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Perkawinan ( Studi Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin Di Pengadilan Agama Klaten ) Pendahuluan Perkawinan Merupakan Jalinan Ikatan Lahir Dan Batin Yang Terbentuk Antara Seorang Pria Dan Seorang Wanita S,” Al-Maqashidi Journal Hukum Islam Nusantara, 08 (2025), 1–16
Yumna, Hanin, “The Impact of Marriage Dispensation Policy Interventions on Underage Marriage Trends Among Banyuwangi Teenagers,” Jurnal Mediasas: Media Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, 8 (2025), 411–18
Published
2025-10-31
How to Cite
Putra, Y., Elfia, & Zulfan. (2025). 2019 Marriage Law Triggered “Baby Bust’” An Islamic Legal Perspective On The Decline In Marriage Rates. MASADIR: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 5(02), 1249-1274. https://doi.org/10.33754/masadir.v5i02.1896
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Yulizain Putra; Elfia, Zulfan
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